The Nobel Prize
is given to people in five different categories every year. The categories are
in physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature, and for peace. In
1968, a prize for economics was set up in honor of Alfred Nobel. It is called The Sveriges
Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences. The Nobel Prize committee awards the
prizes in Stockholm, Sweden. However the Nobel Peace Prize is awarded separately
in Oslo, Norway. The monetary portion of the award has grown over the years to
match the rate of inflation.
Answers to commonly asked
questions about the Nobel Prizes.
The physics award can be split
between different people and different projects each year. Two different
projects may win and three different people may win. The nominating process is
time consuming. Certain people are allowed to nominate projects, and then a
larger committee narrows it down to fifteen people, which is submitted to the
final committee. The original physics prize went to Wilhelm Conrad Rontgen for
work that eventual led to the x-ray.
List of Winners
of the Nobel Prize for Physics
Explanation of Winning Physics Prizes
The chemistry
award is similar to that of the physics award. It can also be split between
people and projects each given year. It also goes through a rigorous nomination
process in order for candidates to be considered for the prize. The first prize
was given to Jacobus Henricus van ‘ Hoff. He worked with ostomic pressure and
chemical dynamics in solutions.
List
of Winners of the Nobel Prize for Chemistry
Effects of the Nobel Prize on Chemistry
The Nobel Prize
for Phsyology or Medicine is awarded once a year and can be divided between
people. The committee tries to give the prize to people who have made
significant advances in the filed of medicine over the years. The first prize
went to Emil von Behring for his work in preventing dipetheria.
List
of Winners of the Nobel Prize for Medicine
A Brief Explanation of the
Work Completed by Each Winner
The Nobel Prize for Literature is given
to someone each year. The prize is given to someone who has written in an ideal
direction. Generally, the committee looks at the lifetime contributions of
authors rather than at an individual work. The committee has begun to reward for
literary merit as well. The nomination process is complex, and generally starts
out with fifty nominations, which are narrowed down to twenty, and then to five.
At that point the committee closely examines all of the works of the nominees
before making a choice.
List of Winners of the Nobel Prize for Literature
The
Nobel Peace prize may be the most famous of the Nobel Prizes. The committee that
awards and nominates this is based in Norway rather than Sweden and operates
independently. These prizes are usually given in close connection to the events
that bring about the person’s action, while the other prizes are awarded after
several years. These prizes are often controversial and the nomination process
is kept absolutely secret. The prizes go to people who have worked for human
rights or to end long standing discord between countries.
List of
Winners of the Nobel Peace Prize
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